London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

London - Essay Example Be that as it may, temperatures beneath - 20 degrees centigrade have been noted in the previous multi decade, however their precision is yet to be approved (Anderson, p. 27). The city has a group of exercises, extending from avenues to spots of amusement. It is additionally a city with various financial exercises since it is considered as an assembling community with a decent mechanical system. Individuals working in the city participate in both official and easygoing exercises. Instances of the individuals who take part in authentic exercises incorporate instructors, legal advisors, specialist and brokers. Then again, the easygoing specialists incorporate skilled workers, manufacturers and wood choppers (Burling, p. 207). London has a quickly developing populace. The populace has hit in excess of 7,000,000 in the course of the last multi decade. Individuals are starting from all pieces of the world to live in the city (Boulton, p. 105). They have accompanied various ways of life and beautiful celebrations. That is the reason London is considered as a multicultural city since the Roman occasions. Right now, about a fourth of the city’s occupants are individuals from ethnic minorities. With the assorted culture of its occupants, London has an assortment of dishes. These dishes incorporate treats, for example, dosa shop, churros Garcia, flame broiling Greek and the orange wild ox (Lawley, p.

Pouring Postmodernism into the Computer :: Internet Technology Essays

Emptying Postmodernism into the Computer I can't characterize it, however I know it when I see it, has become a standard answer to questions that are difficult to reply, presently filling in as the meaning of something other than sex entertainment. Postmodernism appears to now and again share this subtle definition. To summarize Lyotard, its refusal to take comfort in and bound together structure and shows are incompletely answerable for its clearly indistinct definition. Rewording Sherry Turkle, PC culture acknowledges postmodern ideas, particularly an acknowledgment of those ideas relating to the idea of oneself (17-19). For Turkle and others, participating in visit rooms, making personalities on the PC, and the structure of program itself all concretize a formerly unique arrangement of postmodern ideas. Before summing up portions of Turkle's Identity in the Age of the Internet, a short foundation on postmodern ideas of oneself is useful. Postmodern idea dismisses the possibility of a more profound self that can be found by judiciously stripping endlessly surface layers of that self. The possibility that reality can be found by this procedure, on an individual level or in a story structure, is a state of dispute. As Stephen Frosh says in Social Experience and the Constructed Self, All the more by and large, postmodernism contradicts all propensities to take shelter in any deception of completeness or of got wisdom†¦ (277). Consequently, illumination age logical ways to deal with reveal information fall under the figment of completeness and got shrewdness. Instead, postmodernism sees the world through a huge system of interconnected however insignificant things and encounters (Frosh, 282). Frosh's assessment of self and activity is additionally uncovering: †¦gone is simply the separation among the and its expression†¦.Meaning doesn't go before these practices, yet is mysteriously made by them†¦ (280). This is to state that in the composition of a book for instance, which means is delivered by the content. The creator stops to be a kind of maker, with a biased arrangement. The book's importance is fleeting, as perusers may have a few unique encounters with a book, paying little mind to the writer's expectations. At long last comes the possibility of the self as a social build. To understand our general surroundings, some have recommended that oneself is made so as to give a reference point for presence. Self-development gives our lives meaning since it permits us to understand what encompasses us. I am me. That house over the road isn't me, nor are the individuals who live in that house. Emptying Postmodernism into the Computer :: Internet Technology Essays Emptying Postmodernism into the Computer I can't characterize it, however I know it when I see it, has become a standard answer to questions that are difficult to reply, presently filling in as the meaning of something other than sex entertainment. Postmodernism appears to now and again share this slippery definition. To summarize Lyotard, its refusal to take comfort in and brought together structure and shows are mostly answerable for its evidently ill defined definition. Summarizing Sherry Turkle, PC culture acknowledges postmodern ideas, particularly an acknowledgment of those ideas relating to the idea of oneself (17-19). For Turkle and others, participating in talk rooms, making characters on the PC, and the structure of program itself all concretize a formerly theoretical arrangement of postmodern ideas. Before summing up fragments of Turkle's Identity in the Age of the Internet, a short foundation on postmodern ideas of oneself is useful. Postmodern idea dismisses the possibility of a more profound self that can be found by soundly stripping ceaselessly surface layers of that self. The possibility that reality can be found by this procedure, on an individual level or in a story structure, is a state of conflict. As Stephen Frosh says in Social Experience and the Constructed Self, All the more for the most part, postmodernism restricts all inclinations to take shelter in any figment of completeness or of got wisdom†¦ (277). Along these lines, illumination age logical ways to deal with reveal information fall under the figment of completeness and got astuteness. Instead, postmodernism sees the world through an enormous system of interconnected however good for nothing things and encounters (Frosh, 282). Frosh's assessment of self and activity is likewise uncovering: †¦gone is simply the separation among the and its expression†¦.Meaning doesn't go before these practices, yet is mysteriously made by them†¦ (280). This is to state that in the composition of a book for instance, which means is created by the content. The creator stops to be a kind of maker, with a biased arrangement. The book's significance is transient, as perusers may have a few distinct encounters with a book, paying little heed to the writer's goals. At long last comes the possibility of the self as a social develop. To understand our general surroundings, some have proposed that oneself is made so as to give a reference point for presence. Self-development gives our lives meaning since it permits us to understand what encompasses us. I am me. That house over the road isn't me, nor are the individuals who live in that house.

E-mail

E-mail I can remember, back when I was applying to MIT, there were two huge perks I was looking forward to if I got accepted. The first was a Brass Rat. The second, an MIT e-mail address. Theres just something about being able to write down [emailprotected] Its a right of passage, a treat you only get as a student, and theres something just downright cool about having an @mit.edu address. Now, while I dont have a brass rat yet (this year though!) I did get my MIT e-mail address and happily use it every day. Coming into MIT I had no idea how students used their address. I used Gmail so Id just go to Gmail.com and log in, but where did MIT students go to check their e-mail? What did it look like? Was it as nice as Gmail? Its time for some answers! To check your MIT e-mail using just a web browser, just navigate to http://webmail.mit.edu. Youll see a screen that looks like this: Click for 123K PDF This is the *gasp* login screen. Simply type in your username and password (both of which you get in May after you matriculate) and youre taken to your e-mail. The service MIT uses, Webmail, is a fairly standard service used by a variety of colleges. It has all of the basic e-mail-related features youre used to, but a lot of people arent big fans of webmail. Its interface is a little confusing, ugly, and bare-bones. The two main alternatives that students use are Thunderbird (or Outlook) and Gmail (what I do). Setting up your MIT e-mail with Thunderbird is straightforward and MIT IST has step-by-step instructions here. Lesser known is how to use Gmail to host your MIT mail. To do this you get to use a nifty little tool called PuTTY, which lets you SSH into MITs network. In non-tech-speak, youre basically pretending youre at an MIT computer even if youre not. Go ahead and download PuTTY here. Once youve downloaded it, sit back and enjoy this nice little video Ive made showing you how to log on to MITs Athena network. Ok, so, instead of logging out, youre going to want to type a couple of commands, which I detail in the next video. There you have it, now youre all done! After an hour or two (some updating of lists on MITs end has to happen) youll start getting your MIT e-mail in your Gmail inbox. But Snively, I still want to e-mail people using my MIT e-mail address, not my Gmail address! No worries recently accepted student, I will quell your fears. Go ahead and log in to Gmail, youll see something like this (well, only if you have the awesome Firefox plugin that I do, making my e-mail look totally awesome): Click Settings in the upper right, and then click Accounts there underneath the search bar. Click Add another email address and then just follow the instructions. Now, when you compose a Gmail message, youll see an awesome drop down menu for the From field. Now you can decide to either send from Gmail or MIT interchangeably, all from the comfort of your pre-existing Gmail account. A word of warning, when you link your Gmail and MIT accounts, they are actually linked. This means that when you send an e-mail, normally the recipient will only see From: [emailprotected] but in the coding of the e-mail it does make note that Gmail was used as the actual service to send an e-mail. Recently a spambot got a hold of my Gmail account and started spamming various MIT addresses in my address book, which caused MIT spamscreens to start adding my Gmail address (and in effect, my MIT address) to spam filters. In short, people stopped getting e-mails from me. I had to switch Gmail accounts and transfer everything over, which was slightly nightmarish. Im the only one I know of this happening to, but it can happen. I wouldnt let this stop you from making the switch, however, Gmail is wonderful. Also, make sure you always send from your MIT address to MIT-related things. Oftentimes theyll only accept e-mails from MIT addresses. Its possible to set your MIT address as the default by exploring the Gmail settings. There a bunch of other little tweaky things you can do by just experimenting with Gmail so have a good time. If you are confused or need help, just comment and we can help you out. Thanks for reading this installment of What does it look like!? Please feel free to read my previous installment about blogging, and look forward to my next one, entitled Posting files to your MIT Webspace. Until next time, happy highschooling

Understanding Mythological Monsters Essay - 1669 Words

Monsters are towering, fierce beings best known for causing nightmares and battling heroes. Tales are told of their devastating power, but also of their agonizing defeats. Monsters are symbols of the inherent evil of human nature and of the dark truths of the natural world. Monsters are also challenges, tasks a hero must complete. Sometimes monsters are the ultimate measure of a hero’s worth, other times just another step in a hero’s journey. In the book Bulfinch’s Mythology, Thomas Bulfinch writes that â€Å"Monsters, in the language of mythology, were beings of unnatural proportions or parts, usually regarded with terror, as possessing immense strength and ferocity, which they employed for the injury and annoyance of men.† Although†¦show more content†¦With this system of classification it is easier to look at individual traits and how they came to be. Of course human monsters are just as one should expect, monsters that look and act like humans. Although human monsters look and act like humans, small nuances differentiate them from the human race. These traits can come in the form of difference in height, complexion, number of body parts, and behavior. For example, Humbaba, the giant from the Assyrian myth of Gilgamesh, is described as such, â€Å"his face is as fearsome as a lion’s, his dreadful rear resounds through out the forest like a river that is swollen with flood. His teeth are those of a dragon, and flames issue forth from his mouth† (Rosenberg 34). What separates Humbaba from the humans is that he is a terrifying giant. He is larger than humans and has a great anger for anyone who attempts to enter the Cedar Forest. Although Humbaba is a giant he still shows human characteristics when he begs Gilgamesh to spare his life, this shows the even though they are monsters they still can show emotion. Other exampl es of human monsters are gorgons, which are known for their incredible ugliness. It is rumored that if one would look into a gorgon’s eyes, that they would turn to stone. Cyclopes are also another type of human monster, being giants that only have one eye in the middle of their forehead. The cyclopes were born to Uranus and Gaea along with the hundred-hand giants, which are (asShow MoreRelatedThe Inacurate Representation of the Cyclops Essay examples1421 Words   |  6 Pagesare one of the oldest Greek mythological creatures; they are children of gods and nature spirits who came out wrong. Poseidon was the most common father. Hesiod was one of the first Greek scholars to describe them as three brothers who were primordial giants. Today Cyclopes the media perceptions of Cyclopes has not changed. They are still viewed as rugged human-like monsters with one eye in the middle of their head. Cyclopes are the least favorite of Greek mythological creatures; they are seen asRead Mor e`` An Act Of Evil `` By O Toole884 Words   |  4 PagesIn 14th century mythological creatures like werewolves and vampires were blamed for violent crimes and the cause of the crime was seen as supernatural, beyond human control. In today s society criminals are still labeled as monsters, little effort is made to understand what influences their actions. However criminals are too average human beings and examining why crimes are committed can help law enforcement better handled and prevented future acts of crimes. Why do we label criminals instead ofRead MoreThe Monsters And The Critics862 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Monsters and the Critics† by J. R. R. Tolkien, the author analyzes and defeats the claims of various scholars’ conclusions to Beowulf. Tolkien zooms out from the view of other critics and analyzes the novel as whole in this article. The first point he makes concerns religious references in the poem. He distinguishes the â€Å"blending of Christi an and Norse materials and traditions† as pieces that make up the story, and not historical information to support his argument of poetic artistry in BeowulfRead MoreFrankenstein: Allusions1112 Words   |  5 PagesLost to her own novel to convey the critical points of the meaning behind the story. Not only does Mary Shelley make use of the mythological symbolism, but includes biblical allusions of the creation of Adam and Eve as well. The connections to various works leave clues that will allow readers to identify the many themes of the novel, as well as gaining a better understanding of the primary ideas. The story of the Prometheus is about a titan, a large and godly being, who created man through clay andRead MoreThe s Stone, By J.k Rowling972 Words   |  4 Pagessupernatural events. In Greek mythology a hero is usually born of a human woman and a god. Harry’s mother was a â€Å"muggler (an ordinary person who is not a wizard) and his father was a wizard. The hero in Greek myths fights monsters. Harry’s ultimate quest is to fight Voldemort, the monster of the story. A hero is known to be worshipped by any ordinary audience, and therefore Harry is known to be famous to all as soon as he arrives at Hogwarts because of his tie to Voldemort. Harry is known as â€Å"the boy whoRead MoreExploring The Anglo-Saxon Hero2467 Words   |  10 Pageslonging for his home; or Beowulf, who fought of the terrible monsters in Hrothgar’s kingdom as well as his own; or Byrhtnoth, who died while defending the land he loved. Clearly, it is easy to list off the heroes in these ancient poems. However, why is this so, why can we so easily identify heroes without consciously recognizing the clues that lead us to those conclusions? While this question may remain unanswerable without understanding psychology, it is still possible to understand what makes aRead MorePropaganda In Beowulf1007 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst evil monsters/thoughts that try to control everything in its way to cause complete destruction and terror across the land. The very notion of God in the story exhibits Christian beliefs and shows that Beowulf’s fight against the devil would be backed by God’s power and love toward his creations and the good word professes. The truth he represents is displayed in Beowulf’s character as well as his morals. The legend suggests that pagan beliefs surrounded it and the ancient mythological gods wereRead MoreAthena: The Goddess of War and Skill907 Words   |  4 PagesArtist: Unknown †¢ Provenance: This piece is said to have been found at the mouth of the Nile River Zeus is always portrayed as a full-grown man with a full beard. The full beard here indicates that this is in fact a sculpture of Zeus. Other mythological characters such as Apollo or Hermes are usually depicted as young men who have clean, beardless, shaved faces. There are many things that are associated with the God Zeus. Zeus power can be seen by his symbols of the bull, eagle and a full-grownRead MoreEssay A Jungian Reading of Beowulf1622 Words   |  7 PagesA Jungian Reading of Beowulf       This essay will propose an alternative means by which to examine the distinctive fusion of historical, mythological, and poetic elements that make up the whole of Beowulf.   Jeffrey Helterman, in a 1968 essay, â€Å"Beowulf: The Archetype Enters History,† first recognized Grendel as a representation of the Shadow archetype and identified Grendel’s mother as an archetypal Anima image; I wish to extend the scope of the reading by suggesting that the dragon, too, representsRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey1667 Words   |  7 Pages During, Homer’s, The Odyssey many strengths were tested throughout the entire book. This book was a mythological Greek folk tale that was created between the eleventh and eighth century B.C, therefore it is filled with many exaggerated stories about the Gods and treacherous adventures Odysseus had ventured on. He encounters a cyclops and after battles a six-headed monster. His crew discovers their talent for making mistakes such as being turned into pigs by Circe and letting strong winds out of

A Streetcar Named Desire Symbolism Essay - 1637 Words

In Tennessee Williams’, A Streetcar Named Desire he uses a variety of symbols to add depth to his work. It makes the readers become skeptical of the character’s real intentions, either in a positive or negative way. Without the symbols the play would not have the same effect that it does. The usage of the symbols, also adds to the play’s overall themes and the understanding of the characters, like Blanche DuBois. Blanche DuBois is one of the characters that has many layers and many secrets that she is hiding. Blanche tries to keep all her secrets under wraps and makes sure that none of them comes to life. The three symbols that could be used for the characterization of Blanche is the bathtub, the young boys, and the Chinese lantern. In†¦show more content†¦Which is ironic because Blanche is anything but clean. Blanche believes that if she takes these baths then she is cleaning herself but since she a person who has an abundance of dirty secrets she is not cleaning herself fully. She is simply sitting in her own filth. This could tie into Blanche as a character because she is trying so hard to keep up this perfectly white facade that she would try anything to mask her own faults in life. Also when Blanche says, â€Å"... feeling like a brand new human being,† she believes that since she sits in a bathtub of her own secrets that once that water goes down the drain then all the lying and sleeping with multiple men would also go down the drain as well. Also with Blanche’s statement, a reader could compare it to a snake. With a snake, after a while, the snake would shed their dead skin and the skin would feel brand new, but snakes shed their skin frequently, so it does not matter how brand new they feel because later on they would shed their skin. This relates to Blanche because she thinks that if she takes baths then she is brand new but any glimpse of her secrets being revealed she would go back into that tub and try to wash the dirtiness away. As the play goes on the readers get to know some more information about Blanche through her actions with the symbol of young boys. For example, in scene five (84), when Blanche is by herself the readers get a glimpse of who Blanche is, â€Å"ComeShow MoreRelatedA Streetcar Named Desire Symbolism Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesRoof, and A Streetcar Named Desire, which resembled his own personal life and experiences. In the play, A Streetcar Named Desire, Blanche is an unstable and desperate woman who travels to New Orleans in search of a new life and to live with her sister Stella and abusive husband Stanley Kowalski. The story follows her journey over a year as she navigates through the unsophisticated streets of New Orleans living in her own delusions covering the real truth. Tennessee Williams uses symbolism and imageryRead More Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams Essay example3841 Words   |  16 PagesDuring the late nineteen-forties, it was common for playwrights such as Tennessee Williams to use symbolism as an approach to convey personal thoughts, through the attitudes of the characters and the setting. Williams actors have used symbolism to disguise the actuality of their thoughts and to accommodate the needs of their conservative audience. A Streetcar Named Desire has a few complicated character traits and themes. Therefore, they have to be symbolised using figures or images Read More Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams Essay810 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams In Tennessee Williams’ play, A Streetcar Named Desire, the character of Blanche Dubois is a vivid example of the use of symbolism throughout the play. Blanche wants to view things in an unrealistic way. â€Å"I don’t want realism. I want magic†¦I try to give that to people. I misrepresent things to them. I don’t tell truth, I tell what ought to be truth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Blanche p.117). She doesn’t want reality; instead she wishes to view a rose-coloredRead MoreEssay about Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams1270 Words   |  6 Pages Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams â€Å"Symbols are nothing but the natural speech of drama†¦the purest language of plays.† Once, quoted as having said this, Tennessee Williams has certainly used symbolism and colour extremely effectively in his play, ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’. A moving story about fading Southern belle Blanche DuBois and her lapse into insanity, ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ contains much symbolism and clever use of colour. This helps the audience to link certainRead More The Raw Power of A Streetcar Named Desire Essay example2254 Words   |  10 PagesThe Raw Power of A Streetcar Named Desire      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tennessee Williamss play A Streetcar Named Desire contains more within its characters, situations, and story than appears on its surface. As in many of Williamss plays, there is much use of symbolism and interesting characters in order to draw in and involve the audience.   The plot of A Streetcar Named Desire alone does not captivate the audience.   It is Williamss brilliant and intriguing characters that make the reader Read Morestreetcar named desire and macbeth critical lens essay1184 Words   |  5 PagesRabiha Sabir November 14, 2013 Critical Lens Essay There are many situations in life which are related to reality and they can be illusional because of your own perspective. a quote that supports this is â€Å" Reality is that which, when you stop believing it, doesn’t go away†. This quote explains that reality is something that even if you don’t believe in it or if you don’t think its true it still doesn’t go away. You can’ deny theRead MoreRomantic Essay, The Streetcar Named Desire: The Catcher In The Juliet1899 Words   |  8 Pageschosen to be apart of my portfolio are the Catcher in the Rye essay, the American rebels powerpoint, the Streetcar Named Desire essay and the Catcher In The Rye fishbowl. I chose to include the Catcher in the Rye essay because it showcased my ability to explain in detail quotes from the book and expand on one idea. I also chose this essay because I got an 82% which I believe is a good grade for a hard essay topic such as the symbolism of the ducks. In addition, I chose the Catcher In The Rye fishbowlRead MoreStreet Car Named Desire Essay2447 Words   |  10 PagesPRACTICE ESSAY truth is a mutating, subjective figure in streetcar with each of the principals having different relationship with the idea of truth How does Tennessee Williams express these relationships and what role do they have on the narrative? †¢ Make sure you think carefully about the play, details, allusions, themes of the play that you can incorporate †¢ Undermining the academics of the play †¢ Have insights from the play that leak into your own ideas and narrative Read MoreReality and Illusion in Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire1691 Words   |  7 PagesA Streetcar Named Desire, first published in 1947, is considered a landmark play for the 20th century American drama, bringing author Tennessee Williams a Pulitzer Prize. One of its most important themes deals with the contrast between reality and illusion. The aim of this essay is to examine how this contrast is reflected in the way the main character constructs her identity. As Ruby Cohn calls it in his essay â€Å"The Garrulous Grotesque of Tennessee Williams†, A Streetcar Named Desire is â€Å"a poignantRead MorePsychoanalytical Study of A Streetcar Named Desire Essays2039 Words   |  9 Pagesuma introdu#231;#227;o by Terry Eagleton (1994), there is a chapter dedicated to psychoanalysis and I think that some of the topics referred to in that chapter need to be mentioned here before the most important symbols found in the play A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams are discussed. One of the ideas discussed by Eagleton is that if after coming across psychoanalysis for the first time you happen to like it, it will probably become a useful tool to help you understand literature

The Return Nightfall Chapter 12 Free Essays

It came back to him, all of it: the cramped aisles and the tiny windows and the musty smell of old books. He had been in Belgium some fifty years ago, and had been surprised to find an English-language book on such a subject still in existence. But there it was, its cover worn to a solid burnished rust, with nothing of the writing remaining, if there ever had been any. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Nightfall Chapter 12 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pages were missing inside, so no one would ever know the author or the title, if either had ever been printed there. Every â€Å"receipt† – recipe, or charm, or spell – inside involved forbidden knowledge. Damon could easily remember the simplest spell of all: â€Å"Ye Bloode of ye Samphire or Vampyre i?fair goode a?a general physic for all Maladie?or mischief Done by those who Dance in the Woode?at Moonspire.† These malach had certainly been doing mischief in the woods, and it was the month of Moonspire, the month of the â€Å"summer solstice† in the Old Tongue. Damon didn’t want to leave Bonnie, and he certainly didn’t want Elena to see what he was going to do next. Still supporting Bonnie’s head above the warm pinkish water, he opened his shirt. There was a knife of ironwood in a sheath at his hip. He removed it and, in one quick motion, cut himself at the base of his throat. Plenty of blood now. The problem was how to get her to drink. Sheathing the dagger, he lifted her out of the water and tried to put her lips to the cut. No, that wasstupid , he thought, with unaccustomed self-deprecation. She’s going to get cold again, and you don’t have any way to make her swallow. He let Bonnie lapse back into the water and thought. Then he pulled out the knife again and made another cut: this one on his arm, at the wrist. He followed the vein there until blood was not just dripping but streaming steadily out. Then he put that wrist to Bonnie’s upturned mouth, adjusting the angle of her head with his other hand. Her lips were partly open and the dark red blood flowed beautifully. Periodically she swallowed. There was life in her yet. It was just like feeding a baby bird, he thought, tremendously pleased with his memory, his ingenuity, and – well, just himself. He smiled brilliantly at nothing in particular. Now if it would only work. Damon changed position slightly to be more comfortable and turned the hot water up again, all while holding Bonnie, feeding her, all – he knew – gracefully and without a wasted movement. This was fun. It appealed to his sense of the ridiculous. Here, right now, a vampire was not supping from a human, but was trying to save it from certain death by feeding it vampire blood. More than that. He had followed all sorts of human traditions and customs by trying to strip Bonnie without compromising her maidenly modesty. That was exciting. Of course, he’d seen her body anyway; there had been no way to avoid that. But it was really more thrilling when he wastrying to follow the rules. He’d never done that before. Maybe that was how Stefan got his kicks. No, Stefan had Elena, who had been human, vampire, and invisible spirit, and now appeared to be living angel, if such a thing existed. Elena was kicky enough on her own. Yet he hadn’t thought of her inminutes . It might even be a record of Elena-overlooking. He’d better call her, maybe get her in here and explain how this was working so there was no reason to crush his skull. It would probably look better. Damon suddenly realized he couldn’t feel Elena’s aura in Stefan’s bedroom. But before he could investigate there was a crash, then pounding footsteps, and then another crash, much closer. And then the bathroom door was kicked open by Mortal Annoying Troublesome†¦. Matt advanced menacingly, got his feet tangled, and looked down to untangle them. His tanned cheeks were swept with a sudden sunset. He was holding up Bonnie’s small pink brassiere. He dropped it as if it had bitten him, picked it up again, and whirled around, only to cannon into Stefan, who was entering. Damon watched, entertained. â€Å"How do youkill them, Stefan? Do you just need a stake? Can you hold him while – blood! He’s feeding her blood!† Matt interrupted himself, looking as if he might attack Damon on his own. Bad idea, thought Damon. Matt locked eyes with him. Confronting the monster, Damon thought, even more entertained. â€Å"Let†¦her†¦go.† Matt spoke slowly, probably meaning to convey menace, but sounding, Damon thought, as if he thought that Damon was mentally impaired. Mortally Unable To Talk, Damon mused. But that made†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Mutt,† he said aloud, shaking his head slightly. Maybe, though, it would remind him in the future. â€Å"Mutt?You’re calling – ? God, Stefan, please help me kill him!He’s killed Bonnie.† The words spilled out of Matt in a single gushing flow, a single breath. Woefully, Damon saw his latest acronym go down in flames. Stefan was surprisingly calm. He put Matt behind him and said, â€Å"Go and sit down with Elena and Meredith,† in a way that was not a suggestion, and turned back to his brother. â€Å"You didn’t feed from her,† he said, andthis was not a question. â€Å"Swill poison? Not my kind of fun, little brother.† One corner of Stefan’s mouth quirked up. He made no response to this, but simply looked at Damon with eyes that were†¦knowing. Damon bridled. â€Å"I told the truth!† â€Å"Going to take it up as a hobby?† Damon started to release Bonnie, figuring that dropping her into bloodstained water would be the proper precursor to walking out of this dump, but†¦ But. She was his baby bird. She’d swallowed enough of his blood now that any more would begin to Change her seriously. And if the amount of blood he had already given her wasn’t enough, it simply wasn’t a remedy in the first place. Besides, the miracle worker was here. He closed the cut on his arm enough to stop the bleeding and started to speak†¦. And the door crashed open again. This time it was Meredith, and she had Bonnie’s bra. Both Stefan and Damon quailed. Meredith was, Damon thought, a very scary person. At least she took the time, which Mutt had not, to look over the trampled clothes on the bathroom floor. She said to Stefan, â€Å"How is she?† which Mutt had not, either. â€Å"She’s going to be fine,† Stefan said and Damon was surprised at his feeling of†¦not relief, of course, but of a job well done. Plus, now he might avoid being thrashed to within an inch of his life by Stefan. Meredith took a deep breath and closed her frightening eyes briefly. When she did that, her whole face glowed. Maybe she was praying. It had been centuries since Damon had prayed; and he had never had any prayer answered. Then Meredith opened her eyes, shook herself, and started looking scary again. She nudged the pile of clothes on the floor and said, slowly and forcefully, â€Å"If the item that matchesthis is not still on Bonnie’s body, there is going to be trouble.† She waved the now infamous bra like a flag. Stefan looked confused. How could he not understand the mighty missing lingerie question? Damon wondered. How could anyone be such a†¦such an unobservant fool? Didn’t Elena wear any – ever? Damon sat frozen, too arrested by the images in his own inner world to move for a moment. Then he spoke up. He had the answer to Meredith’s riddle. â€Å"Do you want to come and check?† he asked, turning his head virtuously away. â€Å"Yes, I do.† He remained with his back to her as she approached the tub, plunged her hand into the warm pink water, and swished the towel a little. He heard her let out her breath in relief. When he turned around she said, â€Å"There’s blood on your mouth.† Her dark eyes looked darker than ever. Damon was surprised. He hadn’t gone and pierced the redhead out of habit and thenforgotten it, had he? But then he realized the reason. â€Å"You tried to suck the poison out, didn’t you?† Stefan said, throwing him a white face towel. Damon wiped the side Meredith had been looking at and came up with a bloody smear. No wonder his mouth had been stinging like fire. That poison was pretty nasty stuff, although it clearly didn’t affect vampires the way it did humans. â€Å"And there’s blood on your throat,† Meredith went on. â€Å"Unsuccessful experiment,† Damon said, and shrugged. â€Å"So you cut your wrist. Pretty seriously.† â€Å"For a human, maybe. Is the press conference over?† Meredith settled back. He could read her expression and he smiled inwardly. Extra! Extra! SCARYM EREDITH THWARTED. He knew the look of those who had to give up on cracking the Damon nut. Meredith stood up. â€Å"Is there anything I can get him to stop his mouth bleeding? Something to drink, maybe?† Stefan just looked stricken. Stefan’s problem – well, a part of one of Stefan’s many problems – was that he thought feeding was sinful. Even to talk about. Maybe it was actually kickier that way. People relished anything they thought was sinful. Even vampires did. Damon was put out. How did you go back in time to whenanything was sinful? Because he was sadly out of kicks. With her back turned, Meredith was less scary. Damon risked an answer to the question of what he could drink. â€Å"You,darling†¦you darling.† â€Å"One too many darlings,† Meredith said mysteriously, and before Damon could figure out that she was simply making a point about linguistics, and not commenting on his personal life, she was gone. With the traveling bra. Now Stefan and Damon were alone. Stefan came a step closer, keeping his eyes off the tub. You miss so much, you chump, Damon thought. That was the word he’d been searching for earlier. Chump. â€Å"You did a lot for her,† Stefan said, seeming to find it as hard to look at Damon as at the tub. This left him very little to stare at. He chose a wall. â€Å"You told me you’d beat me up if I didn’t. I’ve never cared for beatings.† He flashed his dazzling smile at Stefan and kept it up until Stefan started to turn to look at him, and then turned it off immediately. â€Å"You went beyond the call of duty.† â€Å"With you, little brother, one never knows where duty ends. Tell me, what does infinity look like?† Stefan heaved a sigh. â€Å"At least you’re not the kind of bully who only terrorizes when he has the upper hand.† â€Å"Are you inviting me to  ¡Ã‚ ®step outside,’ as they say?† â€Å"No, I’m complimenting you on saving Bonnie’s life.† â€Å"I didn’t realize I had a choice. How, by the way, did you manage to cure Meredith and – and†¦how did you manage?† â€Å"Elena kissed them. Didn’t you even realize she was gone? I brought them back here, and she came downstairs and breathed into their mouths and it cured them. From what I’ve seen, she seems to be slowly turning from spirit to full human. I’m guessing it will take another few days, just from looking at her progress since she woke up until now.† â€Å"At least she’s talking. Not much, but you can’t ask for everything.† Damon was remembering the view from the Porsche, with the top down and Elena bobbing like a balloon. â€Å"This little redhead hasn’t said a word,† Damon added querulously, and then shrugged. â€Å"Same difference.† â€Å"Why, Damon? Why not just admit that you care about her, at least enough to keep her living – and without even molesting her? You knew she couldn’t afford to lose blood†¦.† â€Å"It was an experiment,† Damon explained painstakingly. And it was over now. Bonnie would wake or sleep, live or die, in Stefan’s hands – not his. He was wet, he was uncomfortable, he was far enough from this night’s meal to be hungry and cross. His mouth hurt. â€Å"You take her head now,† he said brusquely. â€Å"I’m leaving. You and Elena and†¦Mutt can finish – † â€Å"His name is Matt, Damon. It’s not hard to remember.† â€Å"It is if you have absolutely no interest in him. There are too many lovely ladies in this vicinity to make him anything but last choice for a snack.† Stefan hit the wall hard. His fist broke through the ancient plastering. â€Å"Damn it, Damon, that’s not all there is to humans.† â€Å"It’s all I ask of them.† â€Å"Youdon’t ask. That’s the problem.† â€Å"It was a euphemism. It’s all I plan totake from them, then. It’s certainly all I’m interested in. Don’t try to make-believe that it’s anything more. There’s no point in trying to find evidence for a pretty lie.† Stefan’s fist flew out. It was his left fist, and Damon was supporting Bonnie’s head on that side, so he couldn’t lean away gracefully as he normally would. She was unconscious; she might take in a lungful of water and die immediately. Who knew about these humans, especially when they were poisoned? Instead, he concentrated on sending all his shielding to the right side of his chin. He figured he could take a punch, even from the New Improved Stefan without losing his hold on the girl – even if Stefan broke his jaw. Stefan’s fist stopped a few millimeters away from Damon’s face. There was a pause; the brothers looked at each other across a distance of two feet. Stefan took a deep breath and sat back. â€Å"Now will you admit it?† Damon was genuinely puzzled. â€Å"Admit what?† â€Å"That you care something for them. Enough to take a punch rather than letting Bonnie go underwater.† Damon stared, then began to laugh and found he couldn’t stop. Stefan stared back. Then he shut his eyes and half-turned away in pain. Damon still had a case of the giggles. â€Å"And you th-thought that I cuh-cared about one little hu-hu-hu†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Why did you do it, then?† Stefan said tiredly. â€Å"Whu-whu-whim. I t-told y-yuh-you. Just wuh-huhhuhuha†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Damon collapsed, punch-drunk from lack of food and from too many varying emotions. Bonnie’s head went underwater. Both vampires dived for her, head butting each other as they collided over the center of the tub. Both fell back briefly, dazed. Damon wasn’t laughing anymore. If anything, he was fighting like a tiger to get the girl out of the water. Stefan was, too, and with his newly sharpened reflexes, he looked close to winning. But it was as Damon had thought just an hour or so earlier – neither one of them even considered cooperating to get the girl. Each was trying to do it alone, and each was impeding the other. â€Å"Get out of my way, brat,† Damon snarled, almost hissing in menace. â€Å"You don’t give a damn about her.You get out of the way – â€Å" There was something like a geyser and Bonnie exploded upward from the water on her own. She spat out a mouthful and cried, â€Å"What’s going on?† in tones to melt a heart of stone. Which they did. Contemplating his bedraggled little bird, who was clutching the towel to her instinctively, with her fiery hair plastered to her head and her big brown eyes blinking between strands, something swelled in Damon. Stefan had run to the door to tell the others the good news. For a moment it was just the two of them: Damon and Bonnie. â€Å"It tastes awful,† Bonnie said woefully, spitting out more water. â€Å"I know,† Damon said, staring at her. The new thing he was feeling had swollen inside his soul until the pressure was almost too much to stand. When Bonnie said, â€Å"But I’m alive!† with an abrupt 180-degree turn in mood, her heart-shaped face flushing suddenly with joy, the fierce pride Damon felt in response was intoxicating. He and he alone had brought her back from the edge of icy death. Her poison-filled body had been cured by him; it was his blood that had dissolved and dispersed the toxin,his blood – And then the swelling thing burst. There was, to Damon, a palpable if not audible crack as the stone encasing his soul burst open and a great piece fell away. With something inside him singing, he clutched Bonnie to him, feeling the wet towel through his raw silk shirt, and feeling Bonnie’s slight body under the towel. Definitely a maiden, and not a child, he thought dizzily, whatever the writing on that infamous scrap of pink nylon had claimed. He clutched at her as if he needed her for blood – as if they were in hurricane-tossed seas and to let go of her would be to lose her. His neck hurt fiercely, but more cracks were spreading all over the stone; it was going to explode completely, letting theDamon it held inside out – and he was too drunk on pride and joy, yes, joy, to care. Cracks were spreading in every direction, pieces of stone flying off†¦ Bonnie pushed him away. She had surprising strength for someone with such a slight build. She pushed herself out of his arms completely. Her expression had changed radically again: now her face showed only fear and desperation – and, yes, revulsion. â€Å"Help! Somebody, please,help !† Her brown eyes were huge and now her face was white again. Stefan had whirled around. All he saw was what Meredith saw, darting under his arm from the other room, or what Matt saw, trying to peer into the tiny, over-full bathroom: Bonnie fiercely clutching her towel, trying to make it cover her, and Damon kneeling by the bath, his face without expression. â€Å"Pleasehelp. He heard me calling – I couldfeel him on the other end – but he just watched. He stood and watched us all dying. He wants all humans dead, with our blood running down white steps somewhere. Please, get himaway from me!† So. The little witch was more proficient than he had imagined. It wasn’t unusual to recognize that someone was getting your transmissions – you got feedback – but to identify the individual took talent. Plus, she’d obviously heard the echoes of some of his thoughts. She was gifted, his bird†¦no, not his bird, not with her looking at him with a look as close to hatred as Bonnie could manage. There was a silence. Damon had a chance to deny the charge, but why bother? Stefan would be able to gauge the truth of it. Maybe Bonnie, too. Revulsion was flying from face to face, as if it were a swiftly-catching disease. Now Meredith was hurrying forward, grabbing another towel. She had some kind of hot drink in her other hand – cocoa, by the smell. It was hot enough to be an effective weapon – no way to dodge all of that, not for a tired vampire. â€Å"Here,† she said to Bonnie. â€Å"You’re safe. Stefan’s here. I’m here. Matt’s here. Take this towel; let’s just put it around your shoulders.† Stefan had stood silently, watching all this – no, watching his brother. Now, his face hardening in finality, he said one word. â€Å"Out.† Dismissed like a dog. Damon groped for his jacket behind him, found it, and wished that his groping for his sense of humor could be as successful. The faces around him were all the same. They could have been carved in stone. But not stone as hard as that that was coming together again around his soul. That rock was remarkably quick to mend – and an extra layer was added, like the layering of a pearl, but not covering anything nearly so pretty. Their faces were still all the same as Damon tried to get out of the small room that had too many people in it. Some of them were speaking; Meredith to Bonnie, Mutt – no, Matt – pouring out a stream of pure acidic hatred†¦but Damon didn’t really hear the words. He could smell too much blood here. Everyone had little wounds. Their individual scents – different beasts inthe herd – closed in on him. His head was spinning. He had to get out of here or he’d be snatching the nearest warm vessel and draining it dry. Now he was more than dizzy; he was too hot, too†¦thirsty. Very, very thirsty. He had worked a long time without feeding and now he was surrounded by prey. They were circlinghim . How could he stop himself from grabbing just one of them? Would one really be missed? Then there was the one he hadn’t seen yet, and didn’t want to see. To witness Elena’s lovely features twisted into the same mask of revulsion he saw on every other face here would be†¦distasteful, he thought, his old sense of dispassion finally returning to him. But it couldn’t be avoided. As Damon came out of the bathroom, Elena was right in front of him, floating like an oversized butterfly. His eyes were drawn to exactly what he didn’t want to see: her expression. Elena’s features didn’t mirror the others. She looked worried, upset. But there wasn’t a trace of the disgust or hatred that showed on all the other faces. She even spoke, in that strange mind-speech that wasn’t, somehow, like telepathy, but which allowed her to get in two levels of communication at once. â€Å"Da – mon.† Tell about the malach. Please. Damon just raised an eyebrow at her. Tell a bunch of humans abouthimself ? Was she being deliberately ridiculous? Besides, the malach hadn’t really done anything. They had distracted him for a few minutes, that was all. No point in blaming malach when all they had done was enhance his own views briefly. He wondered if Elena had any notion of the content of his little nighttime daydream. â€Å"Da – mon.† I can see it. Everything. But, still, please†¦ Oh, well, maybe spirits got used to seeingeverybody’s dirty laundry. Elena made no response to that thought, so he was left in the dark. In the dark. Which was what he was used to, where he had come from. They would all go their separate ways, the humans to their warm dry houses and he to a tree in the woods. Elena would stay with Stefan, of course. Of course. â€Å"Under the circumstances, I won’t sayau revoir ,† Damon said, flashing his dazzling smile at Elena, who looked gravely back at him. â€Å"We’ll just say ;;good-bye’ and leave it at that.† There was no answer from the humans. â€Å"Da – mon.† Elena was crying now. Please.Please. Damon started out into the dark. Please†¦ Rubbing at his neck, he kept going. How to cite The Return: Nightfall Chapter 12, Essay examples

Trend Analysis of China Essay Sample free essay sample

The Investment Trend Analysis of Multinational Corporation in China Rashad Yazdanifard1 and Yan Yijie 2 Faculty of Management. Multimedia University. Cyberjaya. Malaysia [ electronic mail protected ]/*2 Center of Post Graduate surveies. Limkokwing University of Creative Technology. Cyberjaya. Malaysia – [ electronic mail protected ]/*Abstract. As the Director-General of the World Economic Forum Maccabees says. â€Å"Any company that claims to be a planetary transnational company. but no major enterprises in China. can non be called a planetary transnational company. † This paper analyzes the tendency and grounds of transnational investing in China. Meanwhile. it learns and absorbs so advanced experiences that try to do the accommodation of investing scheme in China. Based on the accommodation of China’s economic restruction and industrial upgrading. it will put a solid foundation for sustained and stable development of Chinese economic system in the post-WTO epoc h. Cardinal universes: transnational corporation,investment in China 1 1. IntroductionMultinational investing in China can be approximately divided into three phases: First. 80s in the twentieth century probe and test phases. which chiefly for trade good trade and engineering trade ; secondly 90s large-scale into the stage of investing. chiefly for concentrating on fabricating field ; thirdly since the late nineties. with the chance of China’s accession to WTO. transnational accommodation and rectification. full entree. investing in China enters the phase of development. China is going an of import production base for many transnational companies. procurance and R A ; D base. which shows that many transnational companies come to recognize that the last piece of the world’s great untapped market is Chinese market. As transnational corporations. they are non truly the execution of planetary scheme without a house scheme in China. China and state of affairs alterations of the universe economic system are the chief grounds why transnational companies promote to set the investing scheme in China [ 1 ] . The development of multinational companies in China shows a new tendency in order to busy and spread out market in China as China’s major investing attack: through a assortment of ways and agencies of heightening control over the investing endeavor in China ; to a figure of foreparts. the rapid enlargement of the industry ; Products Localization of production and research and development. driven parts makers moved to China to organize a complete production concatenation and greater control of the engineering spillover. Multinational Corporations Strengthen the position to the monopoly of the market. which led to the development of China’s economic dependance [ 9 ] . We advocate statut e law means to interrupt the monopoly of multinational corporations. take positive steps to promote technological invention. create national trade names and cut down dependance on transnational corporations. 2. Changes of Investment Trends in Multinational of ChinaIn the early. the phases of foreign capital into China were set uping joint ventures. because China’s grade of openness and the market are comparatively low. the investing environment and hapless. From 1979 to 1998. the portion of Sino-foreign joint ventures and entirely foreign-owned endeavor was 44. 88 % and 30. 96 % severally. By the following tabular array I [ 6 ] we can see that from 1994 to 2004. foreign-owned tendency continued to lift. Particularly after China’s accession to WTO. this alteration was more apparent. In 2002. China’s freshly established foreign-owned endeavors reached 22. 173 ; the figure is 2. 1 times of joint ventures [ 4 ] . In the 10 old ages from 1994 to 2004. the contract sum of exclusive owner increased from $ 21. 949. 000. 000 to $ 117. 275. 000. 000. turned 5 times. In 2004. foreign joint ventures and foreign investing amounted to $ 27. 641. 000. 000. the ratio of addition was 8. 37 % . foreign-owned endeavors and foreign investing sum – $ 117. 275. 000. 000. 43. 7 % more than last twelvemonth. the existent usage of Both foreign investors were $ 16. 386. 000. 000 and $ 40. 222. 000. 000. an addition of the rates were 6. 46 % and 20. 49 % [ 2 ] . Visible manner of utilizing foreign capital in China to bit by bit switch to foreign-owned concern based. Actually. FDI inflows to China are non a new phenomenon. In the pre-communist China. Western multinationals had been highly active surprisingly in the same geographical locations. Therefore. the current FDI influx is a repeat of the past [ 10 ] [ 16 ] . 3. Motivation AnalysisBy Hymer ( Hymer. 1976 ) [ 11 ] of the â€Å"dominance theory† as a get downing point of the chief transnational companies act theory is the micro degree of endeavors from foreign direct investing motivations. which should hold the status and the location pick [ 3 ] . The classical theory normally takes general advantages as a specific ground for foreign direct investing endeavors. Tormenting in British University ( John H1Dunning. 1977 ) theory of the three advantages ( Eclectic Theory of International Production ) — ownership advantages. location advantages and internalisation advantages is the most celebrated 1. As for Porter ( Porter. 1990 ) in his theory. competition is highlighted the fight of topographic points. he believes although planetary competition is more and more serious. resources are frequently keys to competitory advantage or locations [ 5 ] . Harmonizing to the above theory. Direct Investing in China’s strategic location p ick. by and large talking. can be divided into geo-economic scheme. resource seeking schemes. efficient hunt scheme and market scheme. Although transnational companies in different states investing in China’s strategic location pick due to its ain fortunes vary. on the whole. along with the post-WTO epoch. transnational investing in China from the initial resource seeking. and the efficiency seeking. bends to the emerging tendencies of current market seeking [ 12 ] . With China’s economic development and deepening of trade liberalisation. the inflow of a big figure of transnational companies. inexpensive production factors have bit by bit become cheaper. Furthermore. since rivals are utilizing the same resources. cost advantages become more and more weak. Attractive to transnational corporations decreased. while the attractive of market factors for transnational companies is to beef up. Foreign investing behaviour of transnational corporations may besides be seen as its planetary value concatenation within the division’s needs. A survey of transnational companies in China study shows that 80 % o f transnational companies consider that market factors are the primary factor in their investing in China. and inexpensive labour factor is reduced to a comparatively minor place [ 18 ] [ 19 ] . Second. China’s policy environment is bettering ; it bit by bit reduces limitations on foreign investing. In reform and opening up. the Chinese government’s bounds foreign party equity ratio is stricter [ 17 ] . However. Chinese authorities encouraged joint ventures tend. In this instance. in order to cut down the hazard of external costs to China made of local resources. most transnational companies chosen joint ventures [ 4 ] . By manner of joint ventures. multinationals can cut down barriers to entry. to bask the revenue enhancement interruptions. national intervention even super-national intervention. Since 1992. China introduced a series of policy reduced legal limitations on foreign investing. as â€Å"Foreign Investment Enterprises Holding Company Act† . promulgated in 1995. From 2000 to 2001. has promulgated the â€Å"Foreign Law. † â€Å"Law of the PRC Sino-foreign Joint Ventures† . â€Å"Foreign Equity Joint Ventures Law. † These To rahs regulate the behaviour of foreign investors. in order to their legal rights are protected. but besides relaxed certain commissariats of foreign investing in equity. In 2002. China promulgated a new â€Å"Foreign Investment Industrial Guidance Catalogue. † which farther relaxed the limitations on foreign equity investing ; cancel the differences of exchange rate and other facets of the policy. Relaxation of authorities policies helped to make a just competitory environment for transnational corporations. and increased the enthusiasm of a exclusive proprietary in China. In add-on. keeping engineering monopoly. forestalling spillover and cut downing coordination costs. bettering economic efficiency are besides really of import grounds. 4. Measures of Reply The Sole Proprietorship 4. 1. Better the scientific and technological development and make the new merchandises with independent rational belongings rights. How to developed our rational belongings rights in Chinese endeavors. derive breakthrough of new merchandise development capablenesss is worthy of concern. Hyundai and Daewoo’s narrative is an first-class illustration [ 7 ] . Daewoo is taking complete line of joint venture. Today. Daewoo fundamentally lost effectual control. But the chief ground of Hyundai Motor success is that they began to pay close attending to command their ain rational belongings. Therefore. faced with wholly-owned transnational corporations in China and the tide of monopoly on engineering. Chinese endeavors must increase scientific and technological development and put up their ain R A ; D centre. pulling a big figure of outstanding endowments. and construct their ain merchandise and engineering research system [ 8 ] . Create ne w merchandises with independent rational belongings rights. continue to run into market alterations and demands. efficaciously resist technological monopoly of multinational corporations. 4. 2. Pull up relevant Torahs and ordinances. standardise the investing behaviour of transnational corporations in ChinaIn the short term. transnational corporations with their ain advantages. may be monopolise certain domestic industry. For the â€Å"sole† of foreign capital. China should develop â€Å"Antimonopoly Law† every bit shortly as possible. and it should besides put up relevant Torahs and ordinances to modulate the investing behaviour of transnational corporations in China. to weaken foreign control over the capital on the market. and to advance and protect all sorts of endeavors turning and developing in a just competition [ 13 ] [ 12 ] . In add-on. since subordinates in China for transnational companies pass through transportation pricing. revenue enhancement equivocation and turning away behaviour. China should better the relevant Torahs and ordinances to beef up the supervising over transnational fiscal [ 9 ] . 4. 3. Further unfastened the capital marketChina’s current capital undertaking direction system. both in footings of capital influxs and capital escapes have many lacks. so it can non run into the development demands of the new state of affairs [ 15 ] . On the one manus. loosen uping capital controls can non merely supply foreign investors and wholly-owned transnational corporations in China with more direct. and more flexible manner of joint venture to control the inclination of development. but besides promote the standardisation of the stock market. On the other manus. unfastened capital markets can ease the funding of domestic endeavors. work out the job of deficit of financess of many Chinese endeavors. meanwhile. the markets can develop and back up some possible domestic endeavors to travel abroad for local endeavors fiscal footing [ 14 ] . 5. DiscussionMultinational Corporations strategic accommodation is the inevitable tendency of economic globalisation. On the other manus. the accommodation impacts China’s economic system. This has two sides. positive and negative. Chiefly in the positive facet. publicities of domestic technological advancement. hi-tech industries and regional economic development. develop a big figure of international forces. While the negative facet is China’s baby industries targeted. high-tech and specific endeavors. Therefore. China should prehend the historic chance of transnational companies to set its planetary scheme. Through the international mobility of production factors. the industry transportations to advance the upgrading of its industrial construction optimisation ; another regard is. to pay close attending to a brief passage period. and to actively advance the direction invention. system invention. organisational invention and market invention. to further their core fig ht of endeavors. China should besides develop a planetary position to heighten the overall fight. and to utilize the gap rule to hold on the stairss. methods and attacks [ 20 ] . 6. Decision From the above analysis we can see that transnational companies in China in recent old ages. the accommodation of investing scheme has a positive and profound impact for the future economic growing in China. both for concern chances to add investing in China. but besides enable Chinese endeavors to confront more terrible challenges. Traditional FDI theory has ignored the function of the host authorities. in fact. as Gross and Bellman puts it: the host authorities is non interested in foreign investing ; the Government’s involvement is to convey foreign investing the distribution of public assistance. Therefore. speed up the legal and institutional building after into WTO. maintain comparative stableness of foreign investing policies and Torahs. continuity and operational. care. and better a carnival and unfastened market environment. At the same clip. encourage and steer domestic endeavors to actively take part in the cooperation with foreign endeavors and Competition for Chin a’s economic engagement in the planetary competition winning weight. 7. Mentions [ 1 ] Song Weijia ( 2004)New tendencies of transnational investing in China into WTO of Finance and Economics General Serial No. 34 July [ 2 ] Cui Xinjian ( 2001 ) Major Determinants of Direct Foreign Investment House [ 3 ] Richard Kozul – Wright Robert Rowthorn ( 1998 ) Transnational Journal of Dongbei University Beijing: China Development Printing [ 4 ] Broadman Harry G and Sun Xiaolun ( 1997 ) The distribution of foreign direct investing in China. World Economy [ 5 ] Michael E. Porter ( 2002 ) Competitive Advantage of Nations china H2O Central China [ 6 ] Song Fen ( 2006 ) The inclination of transnational corporations in China and Countermeasures transport vol. 4 November [ 7 ] Xiong Jiemin ( 2005 ) Survey on the adjust of multinationals’ investing scheme in China Teacher’s University. Wuhan 430079. China No. 3 [ 8 ] Luo Jin ( 2001 ) [ 9 ] Zhu Zhuli ( 2000 ) Multinational Strategy Shang Hai Fudan University Press Changsha HNSF Multinational Business Strategy [ 10 ] Lu Hong ( 2004 ) The alteration of transnational companies investing tendency in China [ 11 ] Grosse and Behrman ( 1992 ) FDI theory [ 12 ] Analysis of the planetary scheme of multinational corporations puting in China 2009 [ 13 ] China’s Venture Investment Problems and Countermeasures 2007 [ 14 ] On the investing determination. hazard direction and investing efficiency 2007 [ 15 ] Yan Yan ( 2003 ) Investing hazard measuring of [ J ] . Industrial Technology and Economy [ 16 ] Ioannis-Dionysios Salavrakos ( 2010 ) Business history and conflicting entrepreneurial civilization as explanatory factors of success and failure of FDI in Chinese economic system. Studies in Economics and Finance. Vol. 27 Iodine: 4 [ 17 ] Pitelis. Christos ; Roger Sugden ( 2000 ) . The nature of the multinational house. Routledge. p. 72. ISBN 0415167876. 559 [ 18 ] Bryan Keythman(2011)Definition of Multinational Company [ 19 ] The Relationship between the Structure/Strategy of Multinational Corporations and Patterns of Knowledge Sharing within them. Oxford University Press. 2009. [ 20 ] Jingyun Ma. Fengming Song. Zhishu Yang(2010) The double function of theauthorities: securities market ordinance in China 1980-2007 Volume: 18 Issue: 2

City Of Chicopee Essays - Springfield, , Term Papers

City Of Chicopee A man by the name of William Pynchon settled in the City of Chicopee in 1638. William Pynchon bought the land in 1641 from the Nipmuck Indian tribe. The land was not officially settled until two brothers by the name of Henry, and Japhet Chapin, bought the land from John Pynchon in 1659. The city name derives from the Indian word, Chicopee, and is translated to mean Violent or Raging Waters. The land around Chicopee was mostly farmland for about 150 years, in and around the Connecticut River. The city of Chicopee became an industrial center in the early 1820s, because of the river locations and the peoples ability to build factories and use the rivers for power. The city was one of the states planned industrial communities, with manufactures building mills and housing for the workers. Chicopee requested to break from Springfield in 1844. The state legislature granted Chicopee its own charter in April of 1848. The town prospered until the recession of the 1930s, which slowed production. You can still see the left over factories from this era in the center of Chicopee; some of the old factories have been converted into apartment buildings. The City of Chicopee is also known for one of the worlds largest Polish celebrations. The city has about 75,000 people come for the Kielbasa Festival. The city has not had the festival for a few years because of logistic problems. The City of Chicopee also has the shad run in the fall. The shad run attracts fishermen from all over New England to fish the Chicopee River. The City of Chicopee is also known for Westover Air Force Base, built in the 1940s. The base and all the military personnel provided a large economic surge in the citys economy. The base and its runways are still used today for the 439th Airlift Wing. The 439th Airlift Wing has some of the biggest planes in the world. The 439th operates and maintains the C-5 Galaxy transport plane. The bases runways are very highly maintained, because it is the third landing zone for the Space Shuttle for NASA. They hold an air show every two years, which is the biggest in New England. The City of Chicopee started its own police department in 1859. There were two constables appointed in 1859, with the addition of ten more in 1867. The first chief was appointed in 1867. His named was A.J. Marks. The citys first Marshall was James Barnes who was appointed in 1891 by Mayor Taylor. The office was then changed to Civil Service in 1911 where the title of Chief of Police was formed in 1923. Frank OCallahan succeeded Barnes in 1923 to become the first Chief of Police. He held this position until his retirement in 1940 when Francis Linehan succeeded him. The City of Chicopee is about 25.7 square miles or 15,800 acres in size. The city is bordered by Holyoke to the north, to the east by South Hadley and Granby; the south, by Springfield, and by the west, by the Connecticut River. The citys average height above sea level is about 154 feet. The average temperature in January is about 26.8 degrees Fahrenheit. The average temperature in July is about 74.1 degrees Fahrenheit. The average annual precipitation is 43.9. The city has only 26,920 registered voters. The largest percentage of voters are Democratic, they hold about 57.1% of the vote. The city has no hospitals located within the city limits, but the city has five long term care nursing homes, and one rest home. The city of Chicopee has five distinct villages: Aldenville, Fairview, Willimansett, Chicopee Falls, and Chicopee Center. If you look at the new department patch for the police department it contains five stars across the shield. Those stars represent each one of these distr icts. The City of Chicopee has approximately 56,632 people living within the city limits. There are about 2,475 people per square mile. The labor force of the city is about 26,146, and there are about 25,272 people who are employed; which leaves about 874 people unemployed who live in the City of Chicopee. The total annual payroll in the city is about $612,006,282 dollars, making the average

Effective Pieces of Advice on How to Write a Fantasy Novel

Effective Pieces of Advice on How to Write a Fantasy Novel How to Write Your First Fantasy Novel Many people are passionate about fantasy novels. Such stories expand our imagination, excite our emotions, and take us to a journey we have never been before. Fantastic fiction is everywhere in pop culture. With this unpredictable genre, many modern authors like George R. R. Martin, Joe Abercrombie, and Scott Lynch continue to stretch, overturn, and interpret the plots to attain exciting punchlines. However, creating a unique and convincing fantasy story is complicated. You should realize that you are creating an entirely new world with original characters, personified things and ideas, in which people should believe. This process requires thorough consideration and planning. To establish an imaginary world, you must create characters that will captivate and engage the audience. Although fantasy stories take place in fictional world, they still have certain rules. The genre fantasy is divided into plenty of subgenres where high fantasy is the thing which writers and readers admire the most. It is not enough to include magical objects and characters in the plot. The author’s main aim is to subvert the readers’ expectations and make him/her perceive the world as an entirely different place. If you are interested in how to write a fantasy novel, you must let loose your imagination. This article provides some tips that are designed to assist you in composing a fascinating story. Tips to Write a Fascinating Story Study the Useful Insights of the Genre Certainly, reading is essential if you want to become a good writer. This should be your first step to get into the fantasy fiction world. It is necessary for you to get a clear understanding of the elements that make fantasy novels different. It is also important to read extensively, as this will help you examine the specific features of the genre. Here are some pieces of advice: Examine the ways different writers create complex and immersive universes. Compare the examples from various fictional plots. For instance, think how differs the peaceful village from â€Å"The Lord of the Rings† from Mordor. Study the ways the writers develop the characters. If you want your first fantasy novel to be well-written, you should observe everything in other authors’ characters, from their demeanor to their quirks and vexes. Note the ways they go through all the challenges. Compare the internal logic of every imaginary world. What’s great in fantasy novels is that they never bind their readers’ thinking. Even some minor events in the plot always have certain logic. Every magic system has its own rules to follow. If you try to create your own magical world, you should examine the internal logic of any other fictional world. Thus, on the first stage of creating a fantasy novel, you have to learn to think beyond the boundaries of the real world. Now, your aim is to study the approach of the best fictional authors. Examine the ways they manage difficulties in fantasy writing process. It is very important to read a lot until you have an idea on how to create a convincing fictional world. Not only will it improve your writing skills but also help you create good outlines for your stories. Explore Various Ideas To learn how to write fantasy stories it is important to explore some exciting fantasy novel ideas. Some of the most known fantasy novels were only able to persuade readers because they contained original ideas. This genre has a great opportunity for exploring creative freedom. A huge number of young-adult fantasy stories, over the last time, have significantly explored the boundaries of science-fiction and reality. The main aim of this was creating something that will help the readers escape the present and run into the imaginary world. Therefore, to create a fictional universe, you must develop unique and fascinating ideas – particularly for the setting. Actually, you can find inspiration anywhere, for example: Watch a documentary on Animal Planet, which may trigger an idea to create an imaginary world for animals and other fantastic creatures Explore unusual settings and observe exceptional things Read top fantastic fiction series and compare settings while making notes of some interesting elements which make them unique Make sure to jot down all your ideas, including minute details such as weather, housing, and scenery to have a clearer picture of your fantasy universe. Describe Your Imaginary World Every good writer has his own tips for writing a fantasy novel and uses them to make the readers see the fantasy world through his/her eyes. Thus, if you want your novel to be more realistic, you should pay special attention to the description of the settings’ and the characters’ physical features. Make sure you already have a clear vision of your fantasy world so that you are able to describe it in detail. Depict physical features of the countryside, universe, or even a teeny hut, where your story takes place. Make every effort to provide your reader with the ability to picture the environment of the characters. Here are some ways to practice this: Start observing and depicting everything that is going on around you by using descriptive language. Describe everything, including feelings, smells, and looks. Connect all these scenes while illustrating them on the paper. Use this same strategy to describe your imaginary world. Describe plants, their appearance, colors, and smell. Describe the environment, weather, sounds, and so on. Add some contrasts to the atmosphere to enhance your readers’ perception. The most critical thing is describing your characters’ appearance, details which make them different so that your readers are able to create their pictures in mind. Map out Your Story By drawing a map with the story, you make it easier to write understandable fantasy novels. For this reason, many known writers practice this to incline their audience artistically. If it seems to you that it will help the readers understand the complex set of your story, you should draw it. Furthermore, include some significant landmarks and mark seas and rivers. It would be also great if you create symbols that will indicate cities and towns. Set the Time Frame It is one more important part of your story. It should be set in a specific timeframe as the story’s characters and setting greatly depend on the timeframe. For example, stories that are set in future mostly revolve around technological achievements. If the novel describes a specific historical era, the timeframe might represent a primitive society. Therefore, keep it in mind while looking for ideas to write a fantasy novel. Look through many ideas of timeframe and learn the ways various writers incorporate it into their stories’ themes. If you are going to write a futuristic story, it might be useful to do some research into the technology. It will help you do some assumes about the changes in human life, as well as get a better image of your characters and settings. If your story takes place in the ancient world, you should get sufficient information about past cultures and traditions. To write the most realistic novel, include the details which will portray the timeframe in your plot, like traveling, cultures, and ancient people’s appearance. Make Social Conventions Different social classes and lifestyles are inherent to our society. To write a fantasy novel step by step, make sure to include certain rituals and customs. One of the options is incorporating various aspects of the actual social conventions. Do the characters of your story have any festivals? How do they mark death? Think over these or similar ideas so that your audience is able to relate to them. One more great way to come up with some ideas of new social conventions is researching different cultures. Many writers borrow certain ideas of rituals from older cultures. Make an Outline of the Story As soon as you decide on the topic, plot, and other important aspects, you are strongly encouraged to write down the outline in the sequence. Draft an outline before you start writing. It will provide you an opportunity to analyze all the twists and turns of the plot. Besides, it is very convenient to create headings and divide the story into the chapters on this stage. The best way to structure the novel is by dividing it into three main phases: beginning, the body, and climax. Additionally, you can compile the events by describing the course of actions, turning points, conflicts, and resolution. Final Phase Now, it is about time you edited your novel. Go back and make final changes if needed. It is best told be great if you ask for feedback of an experienced writer or publisher to improve your novel before publishing it. In general, creating a fantasy story is mostly about playing with your imagination. Good luck to you with writing an original and fascinating fictional story.

STEEP ANALYSIS ON INDUSTRY OF PULP AND PAPER Essay

STEEP ANALYSIS ON INDUSTRY OF PULP AND PAPER - Essay Example ronic medium of communication or the digitization and automation in the every aspect of business the need for physical paper has shown a decline in the recent ages (Barney, 1991). The use of the electronic medium in the businesses has affected this industry. This has led to a decline in the purchase of the paper and pulp. However, a number of new technologies have been adopted by the manufacturers which would be cost efficient and would lead to rise in the revenue of the companies. The technological shift would also lead to a rise in the production of the paper in the country. However, as most of the companies are moving towards sustainability the use of hardcopy paper using for mails and documentation are getting reduced. Since the major inputs for the manufacturing of paper and pulp is tree, the manufacturers have become more inclined towards eco friendly. This has led to a rise in the demand for the hand-made paper or of materials which are made up of recyclable products and thereby saving a lot of trees. The manufacturing companies also have to be conscious about the balance in the emissions during the process of production (Chhabra, 2010). There are a number of laws pertaining to the environmental auditing and regulations which has been set by the government of the country. The companies have to ensure that these laws are not violated while they are undertaking their production process. There is a lot of variety of paper that is being produced in India. For each of the qualities the pricing of the paper varies and hence the revenue from the expensive category of the product is quite low. Canada has a stable political environment. Along with that the trade relations with the United States and the participation in the NAFTA has helped the country to move towards a better economic position and have helped the country to complete in the larger world

Write a Science Times style report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Write a Science Times style report - Essay Example The way that we are affected in frightening situation can be fatal at times. Scientific inventions in the 20th century have made it possible that these effects will not haunt us for long. The scientists have used the available resources to determine how fear can be managed and its impacts reduced or eliminated. This has been made possible through two options: medication or conditioning. The question is how long can the fear be extinguished? How efficient and effective is the method of extinguishing? What are the side effects that are associated with implementation of such practices? Is there possibility that fear will return? How can the fear that has returned be managed? In the year 2009, scientists Monfils et al. (2009) conducted a research using rats to help prevent a return of fear. The research aim was to determine a given window to which a return of fear could be prevented through post- retrieval extinction. Post- retrieval extinction is whereby additional activities are put in place after the removal of fear so as to see that it doesn’t come back. The research entailed the rats being fear induced, then exposed to retrieval trail. The duration between the induction and retrieval was 24 hours. After a period of 6 to 10 minutes, the rats were taken to training to see them forget the fear. One month after reconsolidation showed that there was no un- induced recovery of fear. The control experiment group, however, recovered the fear memory. This research therefore showed that fear reconsolidation was necessary to see the fear memory permanently removed. How does this apply to humans? A study by Schiller et al. (2010) was conducted in the year 2010, to determine if the results found among the rats could be used in humans. This research therefore used humans as the specimen instead of rats yet testing the same mechanism. Fear was induced in humans that were grouped in pairs using coloring. The

Importance of Social Marketing

Importance of Social Marketing Social marketing is objective to influence the social behaviors but not to benefit the marketer, but to benefit the target market and the society (Weinreich, 2006). While demarketing is an efforts aimed at discouraging the consumer to demand the product which a firm cannot produce in available product, or does not want to provide in a certain places where the cost of distribution is high and allow only a too little profit (Business dictionary.com, 2014). Therefore, in the following section, it will discuss the importance of social marketing and demarketing to tis current environment. Therefore, the first importance of the social marketing to its current environment is health care. This is due to the public health is going to globalization as a popular issues to the whole world as long as not only concern to local communities. For example, â€Å"36 million deaths each year are caused by non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung diseases and 6.7 million people of infectious diseases alone, far more than the number killed in the natural or man-made catastrophes that make headlines in 2008 † (Shah, 2014).. Therefore, it is importance to the social marketing to solve the problem of health care to influence consumers toward health behaviour. This is because of the strengths of social marketing for health are aimed to achieving and maintaining behavioural objectives, by understanding consumers and implement more simple way to ensure them to adopt the behaviour that the life are improving (Griffiths, Stevens Thorp e et al, 2008). Hence, the strategies of the social marketers to influence the health behaviour can through the social media, mediated through a health care consultant and other ways of communication (Evans, 2006). Firstly, social marketers use the communication channels to influence the health behaviour by giving the information of health through the one-way distribution of information. It has given way to a multimodal transactional model of communication. It is the most effective way to reach people about health issues by sending the messages to peoples. This group of people usually based on social demographic, cultural and behaviour characteristics that may be combined with the behaviour change. For example, the National Cancer Institutes â€Å"five a day for better health† campaign developed a specific messages aimed at Hispanic people, due to national report that they consume less fruit and vegetables and may have cultural reasons that discourage them from eating locally available produce (Evans, 2006). Next, the second strategy of the social marketing uses to influence the health behaviour by health promotion. It will increase the community commitment to develop social wealth through a successful health promotion programmes to encourage the communities to develop stronger networks and long-term creativities that are self-supporting to have a long term effect (Griffiths, Stevens Thorpe et al, 2008). Besides that, health promotion is concerned on health and wellbeing outcomes, which improved society health and reducing the inequalities of health and social. It aims to allow people and communities to maintain their own health and wellbeing by attainment control over the underlying factors that influence health and well-being (Griffiths, Stevens Thorpe et al, 2008). In conclusion, as concluded different authors based on above statement, it shows that the effectiveness of social marketing on the health issues and the importance of social marketing to r aise the awareness of health behaviour to reduce the amount of people death on health problem. Furthermore, the next importance of social marketing to its current environment is environmental protection. This is due to the individual behaviour is the cause of a major number of environmental problems, lack of control of individual behaviour from environmental legislation, which normally focus on industrial sources of environmental harm. Besides that, it shows also people contributed around 32% of the United States ‘’annual greenhouse gas emissions, totalling approximately 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions’’ (Kennedy, 2010). After that, the overuse of agrochemical and pesticides and improper farming are one of the main cause to the pollution and degradation to several land zones national. In addition, there is the problem of some land areas polluted with Agent Orange or dioxin as war consequences (Hanoi, 2003). Hence, to reduce the gas emissions, some strategies are used it, such as incentives. It are a useful tool to encourage individual behaviour change, obviously shown on increasing in recycling, with the group provided with incentives increasing its recycling by 54% (Kennedy, 2010). Moreover, implementation a new Environmental Protection Act in 2004 which aimed to control and reduce of environmental emission also is one of the strategies use to protect the environment (Republic of Slovenia, 2010). In other sides, the social marketing activities designed to address for those specific recycling opportunities with the State Solid Waste Management Plan provides a point of reference, such as selecting target group and objective. As a result, the â€Å"Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Recycling Litter Prevention has adopted social marketing methods to assist SWMDs and local governments meet and exceed the State Plan recycling goals†, for example, a research show how the overall moving and local communities successful achieved the meeting goal in the 2004 Progress Report of the State Plan, non-subscripti on curb side recycling programs reported by SWMDs had increased from 233 to 352 (Landis, 2005). In conclusion, it also shows how the effectiveness the social marketing toward to the environment as the global warming is increased by year to year. In conclusion, it shows the importance of social marketing toward to the environment and aimed by different strategies. Moreover, the demarketing also is an importance tool that use to discourage people purchase from certain product, such as alcohol and cigarette. Therefore, the importance of demarketing to its current environment is tobacco consumption. This is due to the tobacco would kill one person in every ten second and continue increasing to 3 seconds over the next 40 years ( Udupa, 2007). Therefore, it is necessary to implement the demarketing strategies to solve the problem. The strategies of demarketing implement to the tobacco consumption is raised cigarette taxes, restricted smoking in the public area, offered smoking cessation services diversity to smokers and conducted an aggressive paid advertising campaign on the dangers of ETS and second-hand smoking (Gupta, 2014). The purposes of government of raise up the tax on cigarette to force the company to increase the price which discourage the consumer buy the cigarette. Tobacco taxation which passed on to consumers in the higher cigarette p rices has been recognized as one of the most effective strategies for decreasing smoking and its opposed health consequences (Bader, Boisclair, Ferrence, 2011). For example, in Texas and Iowa, which each increased their cigarette taxes by $1.00 in 2007 and shown the effect of smoker quit from it has improved compared to the 2006. It is also showing that these efforts to reduce the smokers after tax increases have significantly improvement (Boonn, 2012). In addition, warning labels also one of the strategies that discouraging the people to smoke. This is due to the warning labels is aimed to inform smokers about the health hazards of smoking, encourage smokers to quit, and prevent non-smokers to smoke. Furthermore, warning labels on tobacco products are a way of communicating with smokers. As a result, a 2007 study in Nicotine Tobacco Research found that most of smokers in the United States strongly supported, a detailed warning labels similar to those used in Canada, and appreciate d the information they provide. Therefore, it shows in the 2009 New York State Adult Tobacco Survey most 80% of non-smokers and 58% of smokers in New York support the strategy of warning label with full information on cigarette packs and the of New Yorkers has increased significantly over time( Campaign for tobacco free kid). For example, one of the demarketing efforts for tobacco control in India was implemented regulation in 2001 which included the outlawing smoking in public places, forbidding sale of tobacco to minor, more prominent health warning labels and ban advertising at sport and culture events. Besides that, Indian parliament introduced Tobacco Control Bill 2001 which prohibition of advertisement and regulation of trade and business, production, supply (Cumminge, 2002). In conclusion, it shows the importance of demarketing to discourage the people from buying the cigarette by imposed the legislation. In addition, the next importance of the demarketing to its current environment is limited the use of car. This is due to as a rapid growth of the population, the number of using cars is increasing and caused to traffic congestion. For example, as Liu (2014) stated that around 185,000 vehicles drive through to the city of London in Britain every day and traffic was worse as the average speed just 15 kph in 1999. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the use of car to overcome the traffic congestion. Hence, there are strategies of demarketing to reduce the use of car, such as congestion charge. It is an economic way of regulating traffic by imposing fees on vehicle users that drive through a citys more crowded roads. After proposed this strategy, the responded of the congestion charge has helped solving the traffic problem, increase the capital to build public transport and protect environment by reducing emissions (Liu, 2014). Next, the strategy of demarketing that use to limit the use of car is auto-free zones. It is designed to any area where traffic is prohibited in some area, which complete closure of streets, such as pedestrian malls, parking controls, neighbourhood parking permits. These are implemented in downtown areas or centre city areas from a complete ban of transportation from an area, to the restriction of movements of certain types of vehicles within an area. Next, parking controls refer to the exclusion of parking from streets in the area. The purpose of parking restrictions is to discourage people from driving to the area in private vehicles, and to enable movement throughout the area by removing on-street parking. Besides that, auto restricted zones most regularly implemented in downtown areas which needed renewal and effective in reduce congestion on the freeways. These strategies also would result in increased traffic capability on the highways, resulted from reduced in delays due to accidents. (Vehicle Use Limitations / Restrictions). In conc lusion, as there were occurred the problem of traffic congestion, the limiting use of cars should implement and reduce the car use to overcome the problem that occur by several strategies of demarketing. As a conclusion, since there often different problem that might need some strategies used to solute the problem toward to the society, social marketing and demarketing are the most effective tool in solving the problem. Although the social marketing is used to influence the behaviour change with benefit to the society, while demarketing is used to reduce the demand of the product, but, both of this two are bring out the benefit to the society.

Drug Use Among College Students

Marijuana is the most frequently used illicit drug in the United States, with approximately 32 percent of all Americans having tried it at least once in their lifetime (Marijuana Use among Students, 2008). The Harvard School of public Health College Alcohol Study, conducted in 1993, examined the drug and alcohol use of 17,592 college students nation-wide (Marijuana Use among Students, 2008). The study found that marijuana use is higher among students who participate in other high-risk activities such as binge drinking, cigarette smoking, and having multiple sexual partners (Marijuana Use among Students, 2008).The purpose of this study is to examine drugs use among college students. Drug is define as a substance or medicine that is misused. Review of Literature In many societies, marijuana has historically been a valued crop (Hanson, Venturell, 1998). It is called hemp because the woody fibers of the stem yield a fiber can be made into cloth and rope (Hanson, Venturell, 1998). The ter m cannabis comes from the Greek word for hemp(Hanson, Venturell, 1998). Cannabis is often used with other substances, especially nicotine, alcohol, and cocaine (DSM IV,2000 ).Mild forms of depression, anxiety or irritability are seen in about one-third of individuals, who regularly use cannabis (DSM IV,2000). Starting in 2000, reports of marijuana use among college students started to level off, with the annual prevalence hovering between 30 percent and 35 percent for several years (Higher Education Center, 2008). Marijuana users also demonstrate an increased risk for other high-risk behaviors such as heavy drinking and cigarette smoking when compared with their peers who abstain from marijuana (Higher Education, 2008).Students who use marijuana frequently may function at a limited intellectual level at all times that is even when not under the influence of the drug contributing to lower grades and an increased risk of dropping out of college (Higher Education Center, 2008). There h as been research that examined the relationship among social norms, social outcome and expectancies, and marijuana users (Neighbors, Geisner, Lee, 2008).Students completed online assessment of their marijuana use, related consequences, perceived norms, and social expectancies related to marijuana use (Neighbors, Geisner, Lee, 2008). Results suggested that perceptions of friends marijuana use were most strongly associated with marijuana use (Neighbors, Geisner, Lee, 2008). Rates of use among colleges ranged from zero percent at the lowest use schools to 54 percent at the highest use schools (Bell, Wechsler, Johnston, 1996).Many individuals attend college to experience independence from parental supervision for the first time, and are particularly vulnerable to social pressures to engage in risky behavior such ad cocaine use (Williams, Pacula, Chaloupka, Wechsler, 2006). There are long-term consequences of frequent marijuana use which include and increased tolerance for the drug, depr ession and anxiety, impaired immune defense, complications in pregnancy, and increased heart attack risk (Higher Education Center, 2008).Many marijuana users do not realize that, as with other illicit drugs, it can be addictive (Higher Education Center, 2008). While not everyone who uses marijuana becomes dependent upon it, thousands of people who enter dug treatment programs annually report marijuana as their primary drug of abuse (Higher Education Center, 2008). Hypotheses It is hypothesized the marijuana users seems to obtain lower grades or drop out of college.